Not really. The "roiling sea of particles" is a metaphor for perturbation series, which very specifically does not work for the strong force at low energies.
Take anything involving virtual particles as just that, virtual. They're an aid for computation and cannot be observed directly. They aren't necessary either; lattice gauge theory is always applicable if not practical.
The mass(-energy) being from the strong interactions is still true. And the residual bit of the strong force between protons and neutrons works with the virtual particle/perturbation theory approach pretty well, using pions.
Take anything involving virtual particles as just that, virtual. They're an aid for computation and cannot be observed directly. They aren't necessary either; lattice gauge theory is always applicable if not practical.
The mass(-energy) being from the strong interactions is still true. And the residual bit of the strong force between protons and neutrons works with the virtual particle/perturbation theory approach pretty well, using pions.