Comment by zuzatm

There is some extremely nice 2018 research paper on new routing paradigms that seems to be blowing out older stuff, and that is only possible because MPLS exists. The NSDI paper is linked below.

https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/nsdi18/nsdi18...

I guess it makes sense why the article says how it is central in Google's / Microsoft's network architecture to achieve performance gains.