Most of the links here help with your immediate questions, but if starting with base concepts and first principles is appealing to you, I have to recommend:
- the MIT Operating Systems Engineering OCW course [^1]
- specifically, Lecture #2 [^2] which describes the bootloader for 'xv6', a reimplementation of Unix v6, which does a great job showing what a solid OS with all the basics look like
- the MIT Operating Systems Engineering OCW course [^1]
- specifically, Lecture #2 [^2] which describes the bootloader for 'xv6', a reimplementation of Unix v6, which does a great job showing what a solid OS with all the basics look like
[^1]: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-828-operating-system-engineeri...
[^2]: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/6-828-operating-system-engineeri...