If it's not via software, I'm willing to bet the hardware is not remote. Or if not exactly software, it's contractual signaling, which we can model and understand and MITM in software.
If it is by software, we can model these problems just like software. Known problems with known solutions. With the understanding that individual systems may incur side effects (like hardware bugs or . . . UI!).
Most of this is not about hardware and a lot of it is unproved conjecture. There is also a smattering of hardware-specific knowledge (this wears out that way!) that is not about building large systems, but about problems in the small.
If it's not via software, I'm willing to bet the hardware is not remote. Or if not exactly software, it's contractual signaling, which we can model and understand and MITM in software.
If it is by software, we can model these problems just like software. Known problems with known solutions. With the understanding that individual systems may incur side effects (like hardware bugs or . . . UI!).
Most of this is not about hardware and a lot of it is unproved conjecture. There is also a smattering of hardware-specific knowledge (this wears out that way!) that is not about building large systems, but about problems in the small.