Comment by roel_v

Meta: when you ask chatgpt what happens when you do pop_back() on an empty vector, it confidently claims std::out_of_range will be thrown. It will even 'cite' the standard with a plausible explanation of what will happen (essentially, it says that a prereq is that empty() == false, and that it depends on what erase() throws). https://cplusplus.com/reference/vector/vector/pop_back/ and other sources I can find say undefined behavior. I don't have a copy of the standard at hand, can anyone quote the relevant section? Is this something that in practice is implemented in different (exception-throwing) ways?