> extra rules about what is digestable and what is not. Calories doesn't state that all.
I wouldn't call those rules “extra”. After all, we're talking about human metabolism and what is digestible or not is central. The calories we're talking about under this topic has nothing to do with steam engines, except that both steam engines and humans take some input, called calories.
I don't see any conundrum with type 1 diabetes. They might have a different metabolism that counts differently which calories are in.
By the way, do you have a reference for this claim of yours [0]:
> people without insulin are able to stay thin, while eating massive amounts of calories
I wouldn't call those rules “extra”. After all, we're talking about human metabolism and what is digestible or not is central. The calories we're talking about under this topic has nothing to do with steam engines, except that both steam engines and humans take some input, called calories.
I don't see any conundrum with type 1 diabetes. They might have a different metabolism that counts differently which calories are in.
By the way, do you have a reference for this claim of yours [0]:
> people without insulin are able to stay thin, while eating massive amounts of calories
[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34518288