This has been done in the macroeconomics literature to model bank interconnectedness and financial crises. This literature starts around 2008 or so. I can't give you references since it's not my subfield but it is done. (Daron Acemoglu is one name, but he works on many topics. Maybe Douglas Gale has also worked on this.) Models of contagion in networks among banks are an example.
There is also literature in international trade on trade networks (sourcing components for a final product, for example). Here I don't have names for you.
There is also Matt Jackson at Stanford who has worked on many, many topics in networks. On the empirics (which are very challenging) you may want to look up Bryan Graham and coauthors.
From my limited exposure the work on financial crises and trade, it doesn't seem that interesting but it does exist. The empirical work on networks exposes a lot of challenges. Graham (IIRC) has a recent survey in the Handbook of Econometrics if you'd like to learn more.
There is also literature in international trade on trade networks (sourcing components for a final product, for example). Here I don't have names for you.
There is also Matt Jackson at Stanford who has worked on many, many topics in networks. On the empirics (which are very challenging) you may want to look up Bryan Graham and coauthors.
From my limited exposure the work on financial crises and trade, it doesn't seem that interesting but it does exist. The empirical work on networks exposes a lot of challenges. Graham (IIRC) has a recent survey in the Handbook of Econometrics if you'd like to learn more.