Comment by rippercushions

Oh yes there are: telco incumbents fight furiously to protect their turf. This is why it's 2022 and it's still illegal (!) to provide video calls over the Internet in the UAE.

https://www.travelizta.com/frequent-question-why-cant-i-make...

Neal Stephenson goes into this in some detail in his 1996 classic:

https://www.wired.com/1996/12/ffglass/