I find it a little unsettling that GPT-3 is able to do this well. This kind of problem is abstract and I assume its training data doesn't extensively cover this kind of thing. I wonder if it would work meaningfully worse if you used different words in the prompt other "edge" and "node" which are probably used in examples somewhat like this.
Example prompt -
Every turn each gloober flomps the same gloobers. If a yellow gloober flomps a blue gloober then the blue gloober turns yellow, otherwise, gloobers stay the same color.
1. gloober Roy flomps gloober Zoo and gloober Bat
2. gloober Zoo flomps gloober Bat and gloober Crystal
3. gloober Crystal flomps gloober X-Ray
4. gloober Bat flomps gloober Blue
If gloober Zoo is the only gloober that is yellow, and all other gloobers are blue, will gloober Blue turn yellow, and, if so, at what turn?
Answer: gloober Blue
Example prompt -
Every turn each gloober flomps the same gloobers. If a yellow gloober flomps a blue gloober then the blue gloober turns yellow, otherwise, gloobers stay the same color.
1. gloober Roy flomps gloober Zoo and gloober Bat
2. gloober Zoo flomps gloober Bat and gloober Crystal
3. gloober Crystal flomps gloober X-Ray
4. gloober Bat flomps gloober Blue
If gloober Zoo is the only gloober that is yellow, and all other gloobers are blue, will gloober Blue turn yellow, and, if so, at what turn?
Answer: gloober Blue