It's interesting that this sort of thing is not something native speakers actually learn in a classroom or textbook sense; they just learn it by natural language acquisition. But foreign language speakers have no choice. Quick, native English speakers: How do you define the word "the?" Or "a?" How do you explain when to use "the" and when to use "a?" This is not something we can really put into words easily since we never intentionally learned it themselves; just acquired it. Same with native Japanese speakers and all the little words here.
It's really the more natural way to learn in the end. In all my studies I feel like I never really retained the differences between へ and に for very long, and the same with は and が, but I managed to get to a point where I could use the right one far more often than not based on what just felt right. So don't sweat it too much if you can't remember all these particles; just keep practicing and it should fall into place eventually.
It's really the more natural way to learn in the end. In all my studies I feel like I never really retained the differences between へ and に for very long, and the same with は and が, but I managed to get to a point where I could use the right one far more often than not based on what just felt right. So don't sweat it too much if you can't remember all these particles; just keep practicing and it should fall into place eventually.