Comment by samloveshummus

I don't see any fundamental difference. A deep neural network is a universal function approximator. It uses different language from what we're used to (weights and activations instead of analytic functions and calculus) but that's not a big deal. The point is that it uses only a handful of latent variables to describe the state of the system at a given time, and these can be used to predict the system's behaviour, which is fundamentally the same thing that a scientist would try to do.