Water tank and water pipe analogies fail pretty fast when it comes to thinking about electricity. Keeping grids energized by real-time management of supply and demand is not much like keeping water or gas flowing through pipes.
If you want to examine smart grids, it's strange to ignore what's been developed in Germany and NW Europe over several decades. A lot of this revolves around fast communication strategies and supply/demand prediction algorithms:
> "To be able to operate this complex solution infrastructure, Netze BW has applied a so called “traffic light concept”. The green light indicates that no congestion is predicted, while the yellow light is a sign of a potential bottleneck in the grid that might require certain restrictive measures by the market players. For example, a Virtual Power Plant operator would adjust the operating mode of its storage and generation assets to avoid predicted transformer overload. However, despite these actions taken during the yellow phase, the actual technical limits of the electricity network might still be violated in real time due to unforeseen events. In this case, the red light would call for immediate mitigation measures enabled automatically by the REMS system."
If you want to examine smart grids, it's strange to ignore what's been developed in Germany and NW Europe over several decades. A lot of this revolves around fast communication strategies and supply/demand prediction algorithms:
https://eu.landisgyr.com/blog/grid-control-the-future-of-the...
> "To be able to operate this complex solution infrastructure, Netze BW has applied a so called “traffic light concept”. The green light indicates that no congestion is predicted, while the yellow light is a sign of a potential bottleneck in the grid that might require certain restrictive measures by the market players. For example, a Virtual Power Plant operator would adjust the operating mode of its storage and generation assets to avoid predicted transformer overload. However, despite these actions taken during the yellow phase, the actual technical limits of the electricity network might still be violated in real time due to unforeseen events. In this case, the red light would call for immediate mitigation measures enabled automatically by the REMS system."