These definitions don't really give you the idea, rather often just code examples..
"The ideas", in my view:
Monoid = units that can be joined together
Functor = context for running a single-input function
Applicative = context for multi-input functions
Monad = context for sequence-dependent operations
Lifting = converting from one context to another
Sum type = something is either A or B or C..
Product type = a record = something is both A and B and C
Partial application = defaulting an argument to a function
Currying = passing some arguments later = rephrasing a function to return a functions of n-1 arguments when given 1, st. the final function will compute the desired result
EDIT:
Context = compiler information that changes how the program will be interpreted (, executed, compiled,...)
Eg., context = run in the future, run across a list, redirect the i/o, ...
"The ideas", in my view:
Monoid = units that can be joined together
Functor = context for running a single-input function
Applicative = context for multi-input functions
Monad = context for sequence-dependent operations
Lifting = converting from one context to another
Sum type = something is either A or B or C..
Product type = a record = something is both A and B and C
Partial application = defaulting an argument to a function
Currying = passing some arguments later = rephrasing a function to return a functions of n-1 arguments when given 1, st. the final function will compute the desired result
EDIT: Context = compiler information that changes how the program will be interpreted (, executed, compiled,...)
Eg., context = run in the future, run across a list, redirect the i/o, ...