My classic C programmer curmudgeon take is that the root of the problem, as with everything else in this industry, is bad software built on top of bad software built on top of bad software... and on it goes.
The systems in your 2022 world are hard to test and maintain because they are bad, and the tools we built to test and maintain them are largely built on the same foundational ideas and technologies, so they are even worse.
We're going to have to rip everything back down to the foundation in order to make progress beyond finger-pointing (X is DevOps but Y is software engineering and Z is IT admin).
The systems in your 2022 world are hard to test and maintain because they are bad, and the tools we built to test and maintain them are largely built on the same foundational ideas and technologies, so they are even worse.
We're going to have to rip everything back down to the foundation in order to make progress beyond finger-pointing (X is DevOps but Y is software engineering and Z is IT admin).