Alternative interpretation: neither the coffee nor the caffeine is helpful.
Instead, coffee consumption is so pervasive that coffee drinkers are “normal” and many people that don’t consume coffee do so because it’s actually hurtful or uncomfortable … and that likely correlates to other weaknesses.
The same interpretation should be considered for all of those moderate drinking studies… I am quite certain nobody is getting a health benefit from alcohol.
Instead, coffee consumption is so pervasive that coffee drinkers are “normal” and many people that don’t consume coffee do so because it’s actually hurtful or uncomfortable … and that likely correlates to other weaknesses.
The same interpretation should be considered for all of those moderate drinking studies… I am quite certain nobody is getting a health benefit from alcohol.