My favourite example of this is using an en dash for a relationship between two separate things, rather than the more closely-connected compound adjective of a hyphen.
Italian–American relations: foreign relations between the governments of Italy and the United States.
Italian-American relations: relatives who have moved from Italy to the United States.
Italian–American relations: foreign relations between the governments of Italy and the United States. Italian-American relations: relatives who have moved from Italy to the United States.