Using Org mode [1] and for example EasyOrg [2] does pretty much that. You can use tags, links etc and filter and sort on text and tags. In the case of EasyOrg you would use the Agenda's List view and for the paragraphs to show up in the Agenda they have to start with TODO (or a custom state, i.e. '* DATA My link number one'). The document preview does not support filtering.
[1] https://orgmode.org [2] https://easyorgmode.com