Depends what you mean by 'container runtime' or 'container orchestration tool'...
For example, Google's Borg absolutely uses Linux namespacing for its workloads, and these workloads get scheduled automatically on arbitrary nodes, but this doesn't feel at all like Docker/OCI containers (ie., no whole-filesystem image, no private IP address to bind to, no UID 0, no control over passwd...). Instead, it feels much closer to just getting your binary/package installed and started on a traditional Linux server.
For example, Google's Borg absolutely uses Linux namespacing for its workloads, and these workloads get scheduled automatically on arbitrary nodes, but this doesn't feel at all like Docker/OCI containers (ie., no whole-filesystem image, no private IP address to bind to, no UID 0, no control over passwd...). Instead, it feels much closer to just getting your binary/package installed and started on a traditional Linux server.