I've had good luck using containerized development environments along with VS Code's Remote Development features. In short, set up a container image that has all of your dev dependencies and maintain it centrally. Developers can create containers off of this image and work in their private container. When an environment change is needed, someone can make it centrally and then others update their containers.
This doesn't solve the problem of distributing developer-specific configuration, and limits the UI tools that can be used, but if you can live with these constraints then it allows you to treat your development environment as yet-another-service!
This doesn't solve the problem of distributing developer-specific configuration, and limits the UI tools that can be used, but if you can live with these constraints then it allows you to treat your development environment as yet-another-service!