I used to write Rails professionally for many years
This comparison isn't a good one. Rails is an all-encompasing framework.
If you compare Rails to something like Nest.js, there's not much you're missing. Nest is one of the best application frameworks I've used in any language, and it comes with all this stuff you say JS doesn't have.
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EDIT: To clarify (because it is confusingly named), NestJS is a framework modeled after Spring Boot for TypeScript + Node:
This comparison isn't a good one. Rails is an all-encompasing framework.
If you compare Rails to something like Nest.js, there's not much you're missing. Nest is one of the best application frameworks I've used in any language, and it comes with all this stuff you say JS doesn't have.
---
EDIT: To clarify (because it is confusingly named), NestJS is a framework modeled after Spring Boot for TypeScript + Node:
https://nestjs.com/
Not to be confused with Next.js, which is a framework for building SSR React apps.