The fines were issued to Facebook Ireland and Google Ireland, which are within the jurisdiction of the EU.
Typically if a company wishes to do business with EU residents they have to comply with the EU regulations. Many larger companies choose to incorporate somewhere in the EU to make this easier or in some cases they will even incorporate in each country that they do business in.
Typically if a company wishes to do business with EU residents they have to comply with the EU regulations. Many larger companies choose to incorporate somewhere in the EU to make this easier or in some cases they will even incorporate in each country that they do business in.