I realise the moment has passed but structurally integrated batteries aside, this was a huge misconception of the likely reality of battery swap at scale. Starting gate, sure you get lemon packs. It's not like gasoline isn't plagued by low grade fuels and water contamination (it shuts down airports) -but then you get regulatory standards and people normalise to acceptably efficient removal of bad battery packs from the swap scheme. And since you don't own the pack, the problem amortises over the rental costs.
People broke the model with what-if games. It never got to critical mass. So it's basically VHS vs beta, for swappable vs integrated and swappable lost, on pretty specious grounds.
Integrated is good because strength and weight. Swappable was good on speed. Swappable is alive and well in e-scooters and probably works for trucks.
Battery swap did not advantage Tesla in the marketplace and possibly disadvantaged Tesla which had 2x range for most competitors. A viable battery swap economy ends range anxiety, at the density of swap shops. Tesla wouldn't have had a compelling story in swap.
People broke the model with what-if games. It never got to critical mass. So it's basically VHS vs beta, for swappable vs integrated and swappable lost, on pretty specious grounds.
Integrated is good because strength and weight. Swappable was good on speed. Swappable is alive and well in e-scooters and probably works for trucks.
Battery swap did not advantage Tesla in the marketplace and possibly disadvantaged Tesla which had 2x range for most competitors. A viable battery swap economy ends range anxiety, at the density of swap shops. Tesla wouldn't have had a compelling story in swap.