It's reduced as a problem I think, and in general credit cards are certainly far less popular than in the US.
I suspect fraud is less of an issue because accepting signatures for card purchases hasn't been common for at least a decade (you need the PIN for all spending above the contactless limit - about 30 euros in most countries) and PSD2 (mandatory for transactions since 2020) requires 2FA authentication for most online transactions too. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_customer_authentication.
That means copying or stealing a debit card, or capturing entered online card details by themselves won't get you very far in the EU, which removes a lot of classic fraud. In the remaining cases though, I have no idea!
I suspect fraud is less of an issue because accepting signatures for card purchases hasn't been common for at least a decade (you need the PIN for all spending above the contactless limit - about 30 euros in most countries) and PSD2 (mandatory for transactions since 2020) requires 2FA authentication for most online transactions too. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_customer_authentication.
That means copying or stealing a debit card, or capturing entered online card details by themselves won't get you very far in the EU, which removes a lot of classic fraud. In the remaining cases though, I have no idea!