Ask HN: How can you provide complete anonymity and identity on the internet?

Nowadays you always have to add some kind of personal information to use a service or browsing the internet in general. This creates the potential threat to be identified, tracked, spied and so on.

Is there a way/study that proposed a model for complete anonymity in the internet that would still make you able to identify yourself (e.g. a kind of ID card that would not make the previous issues possible)?