A lot of the "subsidies" are just deductions available to businesses in general, like tax credits for research and development or not being double taxed on foreign income. [0] I have even seen the deductibility of interest included in these reports.
The others are externality calculations. Important, but really what they are asking for is extra taxes and calling it a subsidy when no money is being spent.
The others are externality calculations. Important, but really what they are asking for is extra taxes and calling it a subsidy when no money is being spent.
[0] http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2021/06/End-Fossil-Fue...
Are there a large number of oil and gas specific subsidies?