Comment by layer8

It goes further than that. The debates around UB a more about whether the compiler can assume that there are no buffer overflows and perform optimizations based on that. For example, if you have a local variable `char buffer[16]`, and there is an access `buffer[i]`, should the compiler be allowed to derive that 0 <= i < 16, and perform optimizations on other uses of `i` based on that "knowledge"? If all bets are off for `buffer[i]` when i < 0 or i >= 16, why shouldn't it? But some argue that the compiler shouldn't, exactly because such automated formal reasoning can lead to arbitrarily wide reaching effects. The problem is that it's hard to see where a middle ground could be.