First-class values are values which you can pass as arguments, return as return values, and hold in local variables. Values of type `File` or `TcpStream` are first-class in this sense. They show up in function signatures in the same way as any other first-class values, which is what this blog post is interested in.
This is independent of whether the actual I/O is done via mutation/side-effects/execution/etc. or monads/purity/referential-transparency/etc.
This is independent of whether the actual I/O is done via mutation/side-effects/execution/etc. or monads/purity/referential-transparency/etc.