If you want to do the lite version of this there is a book called “From NAND to Tetris” that is an instructional book for a similar class and walks through doing much of the same thing. It helped me connect the dots between “I know how a transistor works” and “I know how assembly language works” that I have never learned otherwise. Even if you just skim the book without doing the project you will likely learn some things.
The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262640686/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_yH...