Bayesian approaches are gaining momentum in cognitive sciences. See for instance "The Bayesian brain" article by Knoll and Pouget.
There is also Cox's theorem, that essentially states that probability theory is the only sound system that extends logic in the presence of uncertainty,
to continuous values (between 0 and 1) instead of the two values 0 and 1.
There is also Cox's theorem, that essentially states that probability theory is the only sound system that extends logic in the presence of uncertainty, to continuous values (between 0 and 1) instead of the two values 0 and 1.