Here is the full study[1]. The authors refer to a previous study to define ultraprocessed foods (UPF)[2], which in turn used the NOVA classification system to define UPF, which says
"Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made entirely or mostly from substances extracted from foods (oils, fats, sugar, starch, and proteins), derived from food constituents (hydrogenated fats and modified starch), or synthesized in laboratories from food substrates or other organic sources (flavor enhancers, colors, and several food additives used to make the product hyper-palatable). Manufacturing techniques include extrusion, moulding, and preprocessing by means of frying. Beverages may be ultra-processed."
Examples from [3]:
• fatty, sweet, savory or salty packaged
snacks
• pre-prepared (packaged) meat, fish and
vegetables
• biscuits (cookies) • pre-prepared pizza and pasta dishes
• ice creams and frozen desserts • pre-prepared burgers, hot dogs,
sausages
• chocolates, candies and
confectionery in general
• pre-prepared poultry and fish ‘nuggets’
and ‘sticks’
• cola, soda and other carbonated soft
drinks
• other animal products made from
remnants
• ‘energy’ and sports drinks • packaged breads, hamburger and hot
dog buns
• canned, packaged, dehydrated
(powdered) and other ‘instant’ soups,
noodles, sauces, desserts, drink
mixes and seasonings
• baked products made with ingredients
such as hydrogenated vegetable fat,
sugar, yeast, whey, emulsifiers, and
other additives
• sweetened and flavored yogurts,
including fruit yogurts
• breakfast cereals and bars
• dairy drinks, including chocolate milk • infant formulas & drinks, and meal
replacement shakes (e.g., ‘slim fast’)
• sweetened juices • pastries, cakes and cake mixes
• margarines and spreads • distilled alcoholic beverages such as
whisky, gin, rum, vodka, etc.
[1]https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullar...
[2]https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrit...
[3]https://educhange.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOVA-Classi...
"Ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations made entirely or mostly from substances extracted from foods (oils, fats, sugar, starch, and proteins), derived from food constituents (hydrogenated fats and modified starch), or synthesized in laboratories from food substrates or other organic sources (flavor enhancers, colors, and several food additives used to make the product hyper-palatable). Manufacturing techniques include extrusion, moulding, and preprocessing by means of frying. Beverages may be ultra-processed."
Examples from [3]:
• fatty, sweet, savory or salty packaged snacks • pre-prepared (packaged) meat, fish and vegetables • biscuits (cookies) • pre-prepared pizza and pasta dishes • ice creams and frozen desserts • pre-prepared burgers, hot dogs, sausages • chocolates, candies and confectionery in general • pre-prepared poultry and fish ‘nuggets’ and ‘sticks’ • cola, soda and other carbonated soft drinks • other animal products made from remnants • ‘energy’ and sports drinks • packaged breads, hamburger and hot dog buns • canned, packaged, dehydrated (powdered) and other ‘instant’ soups, noodles, sauces, desserts, drink mixes and seasonings • baked products made with ingredients such as hydrogenated vegetable fat, sugar, yeast, whey, emulsifiers, and other additives • sweetened and flavored yogurts, including fruit yogurts • breakfast cereals and bars • dairy drinks, including chocolate milk • infant formulas & drinks, and meal replacement shakes (e.g., ‘slim fast’) • sweetened juices • pastries, cakes and cake mixes • margarines and spreads • distilled alcoholic beverages such as whisky, gin, rum, vodka, etc.
[1]https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullar... [2]https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrit... [3]https://educhange.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NOVA-Classi...