I don't think anything about this is clear-cut. I can imagine a very simple algorithm, as follows:
* When query Q gets made more than N times at bing.com,
* Mine clickstream data for the next M urls requested after searches for Q
* Any url that appears more than T times (possibly spread across some number of users) is presumed to have been found relevant to Q, and derived either from later searches (corrected spelling) or curated sites or other search engines. Add to mapping of valid responses to Q.
It's not a very good algorithm, of course, and if you have any other source of information about Q you're probably better off using that instead. But it or something like it could explain the torsorophy example and every other part of Google's narrative, and it's not particularly suspicious or questionable, and it certainly doesn't involve targeting Google.
* When query Q gets made more than N times at bing.com,
* Mine clickstream data for the next M urls requested after searches for Q
* Any url that appears more than T times (possibly spread across some number of users) is presumed to have been found relevant to Q, and derived either from later searches (corrected spelling) or curated sites or other search engines. Add to mapping of valid responses to Q.
It's not a very good algorithm, of course, and if you have any other source of information about Q you're probably better off using that instead. But it or something like it could explain the torsorophy example and every other part of Google's narrative, and it's not particularly suspicious or questionable, and it certainly doesn't involve targeting Google.