ProtonVPN (operated from Switzerland) claims[1]: "Our security team has also identified at least one VPN service which is working on behalf of a state surveillance agency."
If I had to guess, it would be PIA: the most popular, the most accessible, and the most affordable US-based VPN.
When a VPN is run by NSA, of course it will stand up in all courts. How would a state surveillance agency let its tool be so publicly destroyed? And it doesn't have to keep any logs at all. They can just be forwarded in real-time, based on a set of filters and rules ("URLs that are requested by <IP>", "IPs that are requesting <URL>").
If I had to guess, it would be PIA: the most popular, the most accessible, and the most affordable US-based VPN.
When a VPN is run by NSA, of course it will stand up in all courts. How would a state surveillance agency let its tool be so publicly destroyed? And it doesn't have to keep any logs at all. They can just be forwarded in real-time, based on a set of filters and rules ("URLs that are requested by <IP>", "IPs that are requesting <URL>").
[1] https://protonvpn.com/blog/threat-model/