There's no way to know that, either. One of the first VPN services, Anonymizer, morphed into a CIA operation. And Tor, after all, is still heavily funded by the US government. However, as cynical as I've become, I believe that the US freedom vibe is more than PR.
But anyway, there's no way to know. So your best bet is nested VPN chains. Including providers from jurisdictions where cooperation is less likely. Insorg is Russian, for example. Also, AirVPN, IVPN and Riseup have said that they'll shut down before they'll log.
But anyway, there's no way to know. So your best bet is nested VPN chains. Including providers from jurisdictions where cooperation is less likely. Insorg is Russian, for example. Also, AirVPN, IVPN and Riseup have said that they'll shut down before they'll log.