As I see, it looks like Chrome will block mainly other ad companies' ads. If you try to use Adsense ads like this, it will result in penalty/ban because it's already forbidden by the rules of the program.
So this feature just blocks the interrupting ads, Google already announced earlier that they will be downgrading the sites on SERP if they contain annoying/interrrupting ads, like full screen, sticky, hard to close etc.
So this feature just blocks the interrupting ads, Google already announced earlier that they will be downgrading the sites on SERP if they contain annoying/interrrupting ads, like full screen, sticky, hard to close etc.