Comment by saltvedt

Not that I've actually read the book myself, but Being and Time by Heidegger seems to fit your description.

Reading it will feel like running into a brick wall, so I suggest reading about Heidegger for context first: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heidegger/

Reading the article above might still feel like running into a wall though (perhaps one of wood, this time). You might want to have a listen to an episode on Heidegger by Philosophize This!: http://philosophizethis.org/episode-100-transcript/