The culture of the US has 2 parts that really don't like national IDs. A strong distrust of the federal government and a large number of evangelical christians. The natural distrust means that people generally don't want to give anything more to the federal government in general so it would take enormous political capital to add this. Second, the evangelical christians take end times prophesies from Revalation in the Bible very seriously. They believe that a national ID card is the "mark of the beast" that will be how the world is enslaved. It's a bit weird to outsiders, but it's a surprisingly common belief.
https://www.thefamilyinternational.org/en/viewpoints/future/...