Comment by RJIb8RBYxzAMX9u

osquery is not a built-in tool. You can get the same info with plutil(1):

  $ sudo plutil -p /private/var/db/dslocal/nodes/Default/users/root.plist

If I understand OP correctly, if passwd is a lone asterisk, then you haven't been exploited.

Edit: trying a little harder to dump accountPolicyData:

  $ sudo defaults read /private/var/db/dslocal/nodes/Default/users/root.plist accountPolicyData | grep -oE '[[:xdigit:]]+' | xxd -r -p