WikiPedia places the economic cost at $39+ billion, by one measure.
"A peer-reviewed study published in Environmental Pollution estimated that the fraudulent emissions are associated with 45 thousand disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a value of life lost of at least 39 billion US dollars."
WikiPedia places the economic cost at $39+ billion, by one measure.
"A peer-reviewed study published in Environmental Pollution estimated that the fraudulent emissions are associated with 45 thousand disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and a value of life lost of at least 39 billion US dollars."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal#D...