Does the LLVM introduction tutorial[0] kind of fit what you're suggesting? You learn how to implement a toy language called Kaleidoscope on top of the LLVM infrastructure with one data type (64-bit float), if/else, for loop, and a few other things.
It covers the lexer, parser, AST generation, and a few other things.
There's also one for writing a backend targeting a fake hardware architecture.
It covers the lexer, parser, AST generation, and a few other things.
There's also one for writing a backend targeting a fake hardware architecture.
[0] http://llvm.org/docs/tutorial/index.html