No. They are not superior to passwords - they merely provide different tradeoffs. For example, the site that requires your hypothetical key-type key would require that either all of their customers have spent money on such a key (bad) or that they are willing to pay for keys for all of their customers.
This is something that has been thought about in detail - see https://vtllf.org/blog/ssh-web-sign-in/quest-to-replace-pass... for Stajano's analysis.